What is the most common cause of tympanic membrane perforations?

The most common cause of tympanic membrane perforations is trauma. This encompasses a wide range of incidents where the eardrum can be damaged. For example, sudden pressure changes, such as those experienced during air travel or scuba diving, can cause the membrane to rupture. Additionally, direct physical trauma from objects being inserted into the ear canal or an impact to the ear can lead to perforation.

While foreign bodies can certainly cause damage and sometimes lead to perforations, they are less frequently the primary cause compared to trauma. Chronic infections can also result in tympanic membrane issues, but they typically lead to conditions that might predispose a perforation rather than being its most common cause. Allergic reactions do not directly cause tympanic membrane perforations, making trauma the most prevalent reason for such injuries.